CFD Investigations of Bath Dynamics in a Pilot-Scale TSL Furnace

Abstract The hydrodynamics of a Top Submerged Lance (TSL) slag bath are investigated here by means Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. object the study is pilot-scale furnace located at TU Bergakademie Freiberg, where air injected beneath with top lance. fluid dynamics system evaluated operating conditions, experimentally measured physical properties and real flow rates. numerical approach based on Volume Of (VOF) model, front-tracking method that allows interface to be geometrically reconstructed. Using fine computational grid, multiphase interactions calculated high level detail, revealing mechanisms bubble formation dynamics. Two lance configurations compared, without swirler, effect discussed regards key features process, such as dynamics, splashing, area, rotational sloshing, mixing. model predicts frequencies in range 2.5 3 Hz captures sloshing waves half detachment. These results agree data from literature, proving reliability computing adding value empirical understanding thanks direct observation resolved features. comparative indicates swirler has an overall positive addition proposed enhancement cooling, increase mixing reduction splashing.